Authentication

Authentication

MiniFy uses Spotify’s OAuth 2.0 authentication to securely access your Spotify account. This page provides a comprehensive explanation of the authentication process, security measures, and troubleshooting guidance.

Overview

MiniFy implements the Authorization Code Flow with PKCE (Proof Key for Code Exchange), which is the most secure OAuth flow for public clients like desktop applications that cannot securely store a client secret.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                        OAuth 2.0 PKCE Authentication Flow                    │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                              │
│   ┌──────────┐                                            ┌──────────────┐  │
│   │  MiniFy  │                                            │   Spotify    │  │
│   │  Desktop │                                            │   Servers    │  │
│   └────┬─────┘                                            └──────┬───────┘  │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │  1. Generate code_verifier (64 random chars)            │          │
│        │  2. Create code_challenge = SHA256(code_verifier)       │          │
│        │  3. Store state nonce (CSRF protection)                 │          │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │ ─────────────── Authorization Request ─────────────────▶│          │
│        │                 (code_challenge, state)                 │          │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │                          ┌────────────────────┐         │          │
│        │                          │   User logs in &   │         │          │
│        │                          │   approves access  │         │          │
│        │                          └────────────────────┘         │          │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │ ◀────────────── Redirect to localhost:3000 ────────────│          │
│        │                 (authorization_code, state)             │          │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │  4. Verify state matches (CSRF check)                   │          │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │ ─────────────── Token Exchange Request ────────────────▶│          │
│        │                 (code + code_verifier)                  │          │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │  5. Server verifies SHA256(code_verifier)               │          │
│        │     matches original code_challenge                     │          │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │ ◀──────────────── Access & Refresh Tokens ─────────────│          │
│        │                                                         │          │
│        │  6. Store tokens securely in OS keyring                 │          │
│        ▼                                                         ▼          │
│                                                                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Detailed Authentication Steps

1. User initiates authentication

   When you click “Connect to Spotify”, MiniFy generates cryptographic values:

   • Code Verifier: A 64-character random string using URL-safe characters
   • Code Challenge: SHA-256 hash of the verifier, base64-URL encoded
   • State Nonce: A random 32-character hex string for CSRF protection

2. Local callback server starts

   MiniFy starts a local HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:3000 to receive the OAuth callback. This server only accepts connections from localhost for security.

3. Browser authorization

   Your default browser opens to Spotify’s authorization page with these parameters:

   • client_id: Your Spotify application ID
   • response_type: code
   • redirect_uri: http://127.0.0.1:3000/callback
   • scope: Requested permissions
   • code_challenge: The SHA-256 hash
   • code_challenge_method: S256
   • state: CSRF protection token

4. User approves access

   You log in to Spotify (if not already) and approve MiniFy’s access request.

5. Callback handling

   Spotify redirects to the local callback URL with:

   • code: Authorization code (one-time use)
   • state: Must match the original state nonce

   MiniFy validates the state parameter to prevent CSRF attacks.

6. Token exchange

   MiniFy sends the authorization code along with the original code_verifier to Spotify. Spotify verifies that SHA256(code_verifier) == code_challenge before issuing tokens.

7. Secure storage

   Tokens are stored in the operating system’s secure credential manager:

   • Access token (short-lived, ~1 hour)
   • Refresh token (long-lived)
   • Token expiry timestamp

Why PKCE?

PKCE provides several security advantages for desktop applications:

Traditional OAuth	OAuth with PKCE
Requires client secret	No client secret needed
Secret could be extracted from app	Nothing sensitive to extract
Vulnerable to authorization code interception	Codes useless without verifier
Single point of failure	Cryptographically secure

Note

Even if an attacker intercepts the authorization code, they cannot exchange it for tokens without the code_verifier, which is never transmitted over the network.

Required Permissions (Scopes)

MiniFy requests only the permissions necessary for its features:

Core Playback

Scope	Purpose
user-read-playback-state	Read current playback state (track, progress, device)
user-modify-playback-state	Control playback (play, pause, skip, seek)
user-read-currently-playing	Get the currently playing track

AI DJ Features

Scope	Purpose
user-top-read	Access top tracks and artists for taste analysis
user-read-recently-played	View recently played tracks for recommendations
user-library-read	Read saved tracks count
playlist-read-private	Access private playlists

Tip

MiniFy never requests write access to your library or playlists. All write operations are limited to playback control.

Token Lifecycle

Access Token

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Access Token Lifecycle                     │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                               │
│  ┌─────────────┐                                              │
│  │  Token      │                                              │
│  │  Issued     │────▶ Valid for ~1 hour                       │
│  └─────────────┘                                              │
│        │                                                      │
│        │  Used for all Spotify API requests                   │
│        │                                                      │
│        ▼                                                      │
│  ┌─────────────┐                                              │
│  │  5 minutes  │                                              │
│  │  before     │────▶ Background refresh task triggers        │
│  │  expiry     │                                              │
│  └─────────────┘                                              │
│        │                                                      │
│        ▼                                                      │
│  ┌─────────────┐                                              │
│  │  New token  │                                              │
│  │  issued     │────▶ Seamlessly replaces old token           │
│  └─────────────┘                                              │
│                                                               │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

• Validity: ~1 hour (set by Spotify)
• Auto-refresh: MiniFy runs a background task every 5 minutes that checks if the token will expire within 5 minutes and proactively refreshes it
• Retry on 401: If a request fails with 401 Unauthorized, MiniFy automatically refreshes the token and retries the request

Refresh Token

• Validity: Long-lived (months) unless revoked
• Rotation: Spotify may issue a new refresh token with each use
• Storage: Securely stored in OS keyring

Token Storage Locations

Windows

Credential Manager (Windows Credential Manager)

Target: minify:access_token
Target: minify:refresh_token
Target: minify:token_expiry
Target: minify:spotify_client_id

View with: Control Panel → User Accounts → Credential Manager

macOS

Keychain (Keychain Access.app)

Service: minify
Account: access_token
Account: refresh_token
Account: token_expiry
Account: spotify_client_id

View with: Applications → Utilities → Keychain Access

Linux

Secret Service (GNOME Keyring or KDE Wallet)

Collection: Default keyring
Label: minify:access_token
Label: minify:refresh_token
Label: minify:token_expiry
Label: minify:spotify_client_id

View with: Seahorse (GNOME) or KWallet Manager (KDE)

Client ID Configuration

MiniFy supports two ways to configure the Spotify Client ID:

1. Embedded (Recommended for end users)

Official MiniFy releases have a Client ID embedded at build time. Users don’t need to configure anything.

2. User-provided

For development or self-built versions, MiniFy walks you through this on the setup screen:

1. Go to Spotify Developer Dashboard
2. Create a new application (any name)
3. Add the exact Redirect URI shown on the setup screen — http://127.0.0.1:3000/callback — and save. Use the Copy button so it matches character for character.
4. Copy the Client ID from the app’s settings
5. Paste it into MiniFy’s setup screen and click Connect to Spotify

Caution

The most common login failure is a Redirect URI that doesn’t match. Spotify requires the loopback address http://127.0.0.1:3000/callback exactly — http://localhost:3000/callback will not work. If the browser shows “redirect_uri: Not matching configuration”, the URI in your Spotify app doesn’t match; copy it from the setup screen and re-save it in the dashboard.

Caution

Never share your Client ID publicly if you’ve also configured a client secret for other OAuth flows in the same Spotify app.

Disconnecting

To disconnect MiniFy from your Spotify account:

From MiniFy

1. Open Settings (right-click → Settings)
2. Navigate to “Connections”
3. Click “Disconnect from Spotify”
4. Confirm the disconnection

This will:

• Delete all tokens from the OS keyring
• Clear the stored Client ID (if user-provided)
• Reset MiniFy to the initial setup state

From Spotify

You can also revoke MiniFy’s access from Spotify:

1. Go to Spotify Account Apps
2. Find MiniFy in the list
3. Click “Remove Access”

Note

Revoking from Spotify invalidates the refresh token immediately. MiniFy will show an authentication error on next use.

Security Measures

CSRF Protection

Every OAuth flow generates a unique state nonce. The callback validates that the returned state matches the expected value, preventing cross-site request forgery attacks.

Code Verifier Security

• Generated using cryptographically secure random number generator
• Contains 64 characters from the URL-safe alphabet
• Never transmitted over the network (only the hash is sent)
• Cleared from memory after token exchange

Localhost-only Callback

The callback server binds exclusively to 127.0.0.1:3000, ensuring:

• No external network access
• No DNS rebinding attacks
• Callback only works on the local machine

Token Encryption

Tokens are stored using OS-level encryption:

• Windows: DPAPI (Data Protection API)
• macOS: AES-256 via Keychain
• Linux: Encryption depends on Secret Service implementation

Troubleshooting

”Port 3000 already in use”

Another application is using port 3000. Either:

• Close the conflicting application
• Wait for MiniFy’s timeout (5 minutes) and try again

”State mismatch” error

This occurs when:

• You have old browser tabs open from previous auth attempts
• Solution: Close all Spotify auth tabs and try again

Token refresh fails repeatedly

Your refresh token may have been revoked:

1. Clear credentials: Settings → Connections → Disconnect
2. Re-authenticate with Spotify

”Invalid redirect URI”

Your Spotify app configuration doesn’t include the callback URL:

1. Go to Spotify Developer Dashboard
2. Edit your application
3. Add http://127.0.0.1:3000/callback to Redirect URIs
4. Save changes

Browser doesn’t open

MiniFy couldn’t launch your default browser:

• Ensure you have a default browser configured
• Try manually opening the auth URL from the error message

For Developers

Environment Variables

# Embed Client ID at build time
SPOTIFY_CLIENT_ID=your_client_id pnpm desktop:build

Testing Authentication

# Clear all stored credentials for testing
pnpm desktop:clear

OAuth Flow Timeout

The OAuth callback server automatically shuts down after:

• 5 minutes of inactivity
• Successful token exchange
• User cancellation